---
title: The bullet ant of South America has one of the most painful stings o… — Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges · tree and pragmatics
description: The bullet ant of South America has one of the most painful stings of any insect. Who acts: bullet ant. A sentence of the lesson «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges, sentence 13

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The bullet ant of South America has one of the most painful stings of any insect.

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**Who acts:** bullet ant · **What happens:** have, sting · **To what, where:** one, insect

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bullet ant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson:13
# text = The bullet ant of South America has one of the most painful stings of any insect.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bullet	bullet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ant	ant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	12	advmod	_	_
12	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	stings	sting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the bullet ant of South America | one of the painful stings of any insect |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |
| 2 | **sting** |  |  | any insect |  |  |  |  | nom sting «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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