--- title: Ants leave smell trails called pheromones; when a trail leads to goo… — Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges · tree and pragmatics description: Ants leave smell trails called pheromones; when a trail leads to good food, more ants follow and lay more smell, so the trail gets stronger. Who acts: Ants, smell trails, trail, more ants. A sentence of the lesson «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/) / 4 # Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges, sentence 4 Ants leave smell trails called pheromones; when a trail leads to good food, more ants follow and lay more smell, so the trail gets stronger. **Who acts:** Ants, smell trails, trail, more ants · **What happens:** leave, call, lead, follow, lay, get · **To what, where:** smell trails, pheromones, more smell · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ants, smell trails, trail, more ants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson:4 # text = Ants leave smell trails called pheromones; when a trail leads to good food, more ants follow and lay more smell, so the trail gets stronger. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 leave leave VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 smell smell NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 trails trail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 6 pheromones pheromone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 xcomp _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 when when SCONJ WRB _ 11 advmod _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 trail trail NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 leads lead VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 12 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp 17 ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 follow follow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 lay lay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 21 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 22 amod _ _ 22 smell smell NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 so so ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 trail trail NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 gets get VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 28 stronger strong ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 xcomp _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **leave** | present | Ants | smell trails | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme | | 2 | **call** | participle | smell trails *not said here* | pheromones | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **lead** | present | a trail | | | | | to good food | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to food=Patient | | 4 | **follow** | present | more ants | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **lay** | present | more ants *not said here* | more smell | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smell=Result | | 6 | **get** | present | the trail | | | | | strong *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/2/) - next →: [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/)