--- title: Leafcutter ants do not eat leaves; they chew them to grow a fungus g… — Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges · tree and pragmatics description: Leafcutter ants do not eat leaves; they chew them to grow a fungus garden and eat the fungus, and they farmed long before people did. Who acts: Leafcutter ants, leaves, wings. A sentence of the lesson «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/) / 8 # Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges, sentence 8 Leafcutter ants do not eat leaves; they chew them to grow a fungus garden and eat the fungus, and they farmed long before people did. **Who acts:** Leafcutter ants, leaves, wings · **What happens:** not eat, chew, grow, eat, farm · **To what, where:** leaves, wings, fungus garden, fungus This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leafcutter ants, leaves, wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson:8 # text = Leafcutter ants do not eat leaves; they chew them to grow a fungus garden and eat the fungus, and they farmed long before people did. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Leafcutter leafcutter NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 chew chew VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:advcl 10 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:xcomp 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 garden garden NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 conj _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 farmed farm VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:parataxis 24 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 23 advmod _ _ 25 before before SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 26 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **eat** | present · do-support | Leafcutter ants | leaves | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | | 2 | **chew** | present | leaves *= leaf* | wings *= wing* | | | | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 3 | **grow** | to-infinitive | leaves *= leaf* *not said here* | a fungus garden | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location garden=Theme | | 4 | **eat** | infinitive | leaves *= leaf* *not said here* | the fungus | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Patient | | 5 | **farm** | past | wings *= wing* | | | | | long *property* | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/7/) - next →: [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/)