--- title: Every pet dog, from a tiny chihuahua to a Great Dane, comes from wol… — Wolves and dogs · tree and pragmatics description: Every pet dog, from a tiny chihuahua to a Great Dane, comes from wolves that began living alongside people more than 15,000 years ago; people kept the friendliest ones, and over thousands of years they became dogs. Who acts: pet dog, wolves, people. A sentence of the lesson «Wolves and dogs» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Wolves and dogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/) / 0 # Wolves and dogs, sentence 0 Every pet dog, from a tiny chihuahua to a Great Dane, comes from wolves that began living alongside people more than 15,000 years ago; people kept the friendliest ones, and over thousands of years they became dogs. **Who acts:** pet dog, wolves, people · **What happens:** come, begin, live, keep, become · **To what, where:** wolves, friendliest ones, dogs, thousands This is a sentence of the lesson «Wolves and dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pet dog, wolves, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:024-wolves-and-dogs.lesson:0 # text = Every pet dog, from a tiny chihuahua to a Great Dane, comes from wolves that began living alongside people more than 15,000 years ago; people kept the friendliest ones, and over thousands of years they became dogs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 024-wolves-and-dogs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Every every DET DT PronType=Tot 3 det _ _ 2 pet pet NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 chihuahua chihuahua NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:appos 9 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 Great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 Dane dane PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 13 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 14 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 from from ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 wolves wolf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 17 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 nsubj _ _ 18 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 acl:relcl _ _ 19 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 xcomp _ _ 20 alongside alongside ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 22 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 24 advmod _ _ 23 than than ADP IN _ 22 fixed _ _ 24 15,000 15000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 25 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl:unmarked _ _ 26 ago ago ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 friendliest friendly ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 32 amod _ _ 32 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 35 over over ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 39 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 41 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 xcomp _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | present | every pet dog from a tiny chihuahua to a Great Dane | | | wolves | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from wolf=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **begin** | past | wolves | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **live** | gerund | wolves *not said here* | | | | | alongside people | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme alongside people=Location | | 4 | **keep** | past | people | the friendliest ones | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | | 5 | **become** | past | people | dogs | | thousands of years | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:024-wolves-and-dogs.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bears, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/17/) - next →: [Wolves and dogs, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/)