--- title: Dogs hardly sweat through their skin, so they cool down by panting:… — Wolves and dogs · tree and pragmatics description: Dogs hardly sweat through their skin, so they cool down by panting: water dries off the tongue and takes heat with it, which is called evaporation, and it works less well on a humid day, when the air is already full of water; their only real sweat glands are in their paw pads. Who acts: Dogs, nose, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Wolves and dogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/) / 12 # Wolves and dogs, sentence 12 Dogs hardly sweat through their skin, so they cool down by panting: water dries off the tongue and takes heat with it, which is called evaporation, and it works less well on a humid day, when the air is already full of water; their only real sweat glands are in their paw pads. **Who acts:** Dogs, nose, water, dog, air, real sweat glands · **What happens:** sweat, cool down, pant, dry off, take, call · **To what, where:** skin, tongue, heat, paw pads · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Wolves and dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dogs, nose, water, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:024-wolves-and-dogs.lesson:12 # text = Dogs hardly sweat through their skin, so they cool down by panting: water dries off the tongue and takes heat with it, which is called evaporation, and it works less well on a humid day, when the air is already full of water; their only real sweat glands are in their paw pads. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 024-wolves-and-dogs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 sweat sweat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 through through ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 so so ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 9 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 cool cool VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 11 down down ADP RP _ 10 compound:prt _ _ 12 by by SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 13 panting pant VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 advcl _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 dries dry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 17 off off ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 22 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 23 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 27 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 acl _ _ 29 evaporation evaporation NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 xcomp _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 works work VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 34 less less ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 35 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:advmod 35 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 33 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:advmod 36 on on ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 humid humid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:obl 40 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 41 when when ADV WRB PronType=Rel 46 advmod _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 44 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 cop _ _ 45 already already ADV RB _ 46 advmod _ _ 46 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 advcl:relcl _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 49 ; ; PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 50 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 54 nmod:poss _ _ 51 only only ADV RB _ 52 advmod _ _ 52 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 amod _ _ 53 sweat sweat NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 compound _ _ 54 glands gland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 59 nsubj _ _ 55 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 59 cop _ _ 56 in in ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 57 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 59 nmod:poss _ _ 58 paw paw NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 compound _ _ 59 pads pad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ _ 60 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sweat** | present | Dogs | | | nose's skin | | hardly *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through skin=Location | | 2 | **cool down** | present | nose | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **pant** | gerund | nose *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **dry off** | present | water | the tongue | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient tongue=Result | | 5 | **take** | present | water *not said here* | heat | | | | with dog | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme | | 6 | **call** | present · passive | | heat | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 7 | **work** | present | dog | | | | day | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **is** | present | the air | | | | | of water; full *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **is** | present | nose's real sweat glands | | | nose's paw pads | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:024-wolves-and-dogs.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Wolves and dogs, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/11/) - next →: [Wolves and dogs, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/)