--- title: More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles», a lesson of the biology course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Look closely at a pond and you may see a tiny tube of stones walking along the bottom: inside --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / More builders: caddis cases, paper was… # More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles Lesson 245 of the biology course of Mova's primary school: 16 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/0/) — Look closely at a pond and you may see a tiny tube of stones walking along the bottom: inside is a caddis fly larva wearing a house it glued together itself. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/1/) — Animals build with whatever they have: wasps chew wood into paper, moles push soil up into molehills, and ants pile pine needles into a warm dome. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/2/) — A chimpanzee bends branches into a fresh bed every single night, a bit like making your bed but starting with a tree. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/3/) — Some builders work under water: a male stickleback glues a nest of weed, and a small pufferfish draws a perfect circle in the sand with its fins. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/4/) — Every building does a job: protection, warmth, a trap for food, a safe bed, or a show to win a mate. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/5/) — Caddis fly larvae glue sand grains, tiny shells or plant bits together with silk into a case they carry about, which protects their soft bodies from fish; an artist once gave them gold flakes and pearls and they made jewel cases. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/6/) — Wasps chew wood fibres with spit into paper and build nests of six-sided cells; the paper layers trap air and keep the nest warm, and wasps have done this for millions of years, while people learned to make paper from wood only in the 1800s. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/7/) — Hornets build big paper nests, but only the young queens survive the winter; in spring each queen starts a new nest alone, and an old nest is not used again. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/8/) — Moles dig tunnels and push the soil up into molehills; worms fall into the tunnels and the mole patrols them, and it keeps a larder of worms with bitten heads. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/9/) — Chimpanzees and other great apes bend branches into a fresh sleeping nest each night, off the cold ground and away from leopards, and a study found chimp nests had fewer bugs than human beds. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/10/) — Orangutans make umbrellas and roofs from big leaves, learning from their mothers, with whom they stay for about 7 or 8 years. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/11/) — A small Japanese pufferfish makes a round sand pattern about two metres wide with its fins; the male builds it to attract a female, and divers saw these circles for years before anyone knew who made them. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/12/) — A male stickleback glues weed together with a sticky thread from his kidneys, turns red in spring, guards the eggs and fans water over them to give them oxygen. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/13/) — Wood ants pile pine needles into domes that can be over a metre high, warmed by the sun and the rotting needles; birds sometimes sit on the nest and let the ants spray acid on their feathers, which may clean pests called parasites off them. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/14/) — Hedgehogs gather piles of leaves under bushes to hibernate in, and a pile of leaves and a gap in a garden fence help them. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/15/) — Hummingbird nests are tiny cups of plant fluff held together with spider silk, which stretches as the chicks grow, and a hummingbird egg is about the size of a jelly bean. - ← previous: [Animal builders: spiders' webs and silk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/244-animal-builders-spiders-webs-and-silk/) - next →: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/) - ↑ back to [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/)