--- title: Antivenom is made by giving horses small doses of venom and collecti… — Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions… · tree and pragmatics description: Antivenom is made by giving horses small doses of venom and collecting the antibodies their bodies make; snakebites still kill tens of thousands of people a year, mostly farmers in poor countries. Who acts: bodies, snakebites. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/) / 14 # Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 14 Antivenom is made by giving horses small doses of venom and collecting the antibodies their bodies make; snakebites still kill tens of thousands of people a year, mostly farmers in poor countries. **Who acts:** bodies, snakebites · **What happens:** make, give, collect, kill · **To what, where:** Antivenom, small doses, horses, antibodies, tens This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bodies, snakebites), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:14 # text = Antivenom is made by giving horses small doses of venom and collecting the antibodies their bodies make; snakebites still kill tens of thousands of people a year, mostly farmers in poor countries. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Antivenom antivenom NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ _ 5 giving give VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 6 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 iobj _ _ 7 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 doses dose NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 venom venom NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 collecting collect VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 antibodies antibody NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 19 snakebites snakebite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 20 still still ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 kill kill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 22 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nmod _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl:unmarked _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nmod _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | Antivenom | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **give** | gerund | | small doses of venom | horses | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient dose=Theme | | 3 | **collect** | gerund | | the antibodies | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antibody=Theme | | 4 | **make** | present | antibodies's bodies | the antibodies *not said here* | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset antibody=Product | | 5 | **kill** | present | snakebites | tens of thousands of people | | | still; year | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ten=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/13/) - next →: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/)