--- title: Komodo dragons, the biggest lizards alive at up to 3 metres, have ve… — Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions… · tree and pragmatics description: Komodo dragons, the biggest lizards alive at up to 3 metres, have venom glands in their jaws; people long thought they killed with germs in dirty spit, until venom was reported in 2009. Who acts: Komodo dragons, people. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/) / 15 # Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 15 Komodo dragons, the biggest lizards alive at up to 3 metres, have venom glands in their jaws; people long thought they killed with germs in dirty spit, until venom was reported in 2009. **Who acts:** Komodo dragons, people · **What happens:** have, think, kill, report · **To what, where:** venom glands, jaws, venom, 2009 · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Komodo dragons, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:15 # text = Komodo dragons, the biggest lizards alive at up to 3 metres, have venom glands in their jaws; people long thought they killed with germs in dirty spit, until venom was reported in 2009. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Komodo Komodo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 dragons dragon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 6 amod _ _ 6 lizards lizard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 appos _ _ 7 alive alive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:acl 8 at at ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 9 up up ADP IN _ 8 fixed _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 venom venom NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 glands gland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 jaws jaw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:nmod 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 23 advmod _ _ 23 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 ccomp _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 dirty dirty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 spit spit NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 until until SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 33 venom venom NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 2009 2009 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 35 obl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Komodo dragons | venom glands | | dragons's jaws | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gland=Patient | | 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | people | | | | | long *property* | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **kill** | past | people | | | | | with germs in dirty spit | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **report** | past · passive | | venom | | 2009 | | | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/14/) - next →: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/)