--- title: Venom is mostly for catching food fast, and for defence: a slow cone… — Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions… · tree and pragmatics description: Venom is mostly for catching food fast, and for defence: a slow cone snail must stop a fast fish at once, and a box jellyfish must stop a fish before it tears its delicate tentacles. Who acts: Venom, slow cone snail, box jellyfish. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scor --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/) / 2 # Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 2 Venom is mostly for catching food fast, and for defence: a slow cone snail must stop a fast fish at once, and a box jellyfish must stop a fish before it tears its delicate tentacles. **Who acts:** Venom, slow cone snail, box jellyfish · **What happens:** be, stop, tear · **To what, where:** fast fish, fish, delicate tentacles This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venom, slow cone snail, box jellyfish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:2 # text = Venom is mostly for catching food fast, and for defence: a slow cone snail must stop a fast fish at once, and a box jellyfish must stop a fish before it tears its delicate tentacles. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Venom venom NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:aux 3 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 4 for for SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ _ 5 catching catch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 6 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 7 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 5 advmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 defence defence NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 12 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 14 slow slow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 cone cone NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 snail snail NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 17 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 stop stop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 fast fast ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 at at ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 once once ADV RB _ 18 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 box box NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 jellyfish jellyfish NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 29 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 stop stop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 before before SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 tears tear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 advcl _ _ 36 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 37 delicate delicate ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 tentacles tentacle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Venom | | | | | for defence; catch, fast, mostly *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **stop** | must | a slow cone snail | a fast fish | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector fish=Eventuality | | 3 | **stop** | must | a box jellyfish | a fish | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality fish=Eventuality | | 4 | **tear** | present | Venom | Venom's delicate tentacles | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tentacle=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/1/) - next →: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/)