--- title: Box jellyfish have tentacles covered in tiny stinging cells that fir… — Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions… · tree and pragmatics description: Box jellyfish have tentacles covered in tiny stinging cells that fire like harpoons, and lifeguards in Australia pour vinegar on the stings to stop the unfired cells. Who acts: Box jellyfish, tiny stinging cells, lifeguards. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/) / 7 # Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 7 Box jellyfish have tentacles covered in tiny stinging cells that fire like harpoons, and lifeguards in Australia pour vinegar on the stings to stop the unfired cells. **Who acts:** Box jellyfish, tiny stinging cells, lifeguards · **What happens:** have, cover, fire, pour, stop · **To what, where:** tentacles, vinegar, stings, unfired cells This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Box jellyfish, tiny stinging cells, lifeguards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:7 # text = Box jellyfish have tentacles covered in tiny stinging cells that fire like harpoons, and lifeguards in Australia pour vinegar on the stings to stop the unfired cells. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 Box box NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 jellyfish jellyfish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 tentacles tentacle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 stinging stinging NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 10 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 fire fire VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 12 like like ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 harpoons harpoon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 16 lifeguards lifeguard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 pour pour VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 20 vinegar vinegar NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 21 on on ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 stings sting NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 stop stop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:acl 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 unfired unfired ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Box jellyfish | tentacles | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tentacle=Patient | | 2 | **cover** | participle | | tentacles *not said here* | | | | in tiny stinging cells | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in cell=Theme | | 3 | **fire** | present | tiny stinging cells | | | | | like harpoons | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **pour** | present | lifeguards in Australia | vinegar | | the stings | | | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vinegar=Patient | | 5 | **stop** | to-infinitive | lifeguards in Australia *not said here* | the unfired cells | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality cell=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/6/) - next →: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/)