--- title: A cobra spreads its hood by stretching long ribs in its neck as a wa… — Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions… · tree and pragmatics description: A cobra spreads its hood by stretching long ribs in its neck as a warning, and some cobras spit venom at an attacker's eyes from about two metres away. Who acts: cobra, hood, cobras. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/) / 8 # Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 8 A cobra spreads its hood by stretching long ribs in its neck as a warning, and some cobras spit venom at an attacker's eyes from about two metres away. **Who acts:** cobra, hood, cobras · **What happens:** spread, stretch, spit · **To what, where:** hood, long ribs, venom, eyes This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cobra, hood, cobras), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:8 # text = A cobra spreads its hood by stretching long ribs in its neck as a warning, and some cobras spit venom at an attacker's eyes from about two metres away. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 cobra cobra NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 hood hood NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 by by SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 7 stretching stretch VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 acl _ _ 8 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 ribs rib NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 as as ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 19 det _ _ 19 cobras cobra NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 spit spit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 21 venom venom NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 22 at at ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 23 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 attacker attacker NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod:poss _ _ 25 's 's PART POS _ 24 case _ _ 26 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 about about ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 30 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:obl 31 away away ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | present | a cobra | cobra's hood | | | | away *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hood=Theme | | 2 | **stretch** | gerund | cobra's hood *not said here* | long ribs | | | | as a warning; in cobra's neck | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent rib=Patient in neck=Topic | | 3 | **spit** | present | some cobras | venom | | a attacker's eyes | | | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent venom=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/7/) - next →: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/)