--- title: You do not get warts from touching a toad, because warts come from a… — Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics · tree and pragmatics description: You do not get warts from touching a toad, because warts come from a human virus, but toads have bumpy glands with bad-tasting stuff, so wash your hands after holding one. Who acts: You, warts, toads. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: poison, warning colours and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/) / 12 # Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 12 You do not get warts from touching a toad, because warts come from a human virus, but toads have bumpy glands with bad-tasting stuff, so wash your hands after holding one. **Who acts:** You, warts, toads · **What happens:** not get, touch, come, have, wash, hold · **To what, where:** warts, toad, human virus, bumpy glands, hands, one This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, warts, toads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:12 # text = You do not get warts from touching a toad, because warts come from a human virus, but toads have bumpy glands with bad-tasting stuff, so wash your hands after holding one. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 get get VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 warts wart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 from from SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 7 touching touch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 toad toad NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 because because SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 warts wart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 14 from from ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 virus virus NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 but but CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 toads toad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 22 bumpy bumpy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 glands gland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 25 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 27 tasting tasting NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 stuff stuff NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:cc|HaikuPos=CCONJ:CC:_ 31 wash wash VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 32 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 after after SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 35 holding hold VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 advcl _ _ 36 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 35 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:NN:_ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **get** | present · do-support | You | warts | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wart=Stimulus | | 2 | **touch** | gerund | You *not said here* | a toad | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme toad=Co-Theme | | 3 | **come** | present | warts | | | a human virus | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from virus=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **have** | present | toads | bumpy glands | | | | with tasting stuff | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gland=Patient | | 5 | **wash** | infinitive | | your hands | | | | | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | | 6 | **hold** | gerund | | one | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/11/) - next →: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)