--- title: Toads walk more than they hop and have drier, bumpier skin than frogs. — Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics · tree and pragmatics description: Toads walk more than they hop and have drier, bumpier skin than frogs. Who acts: Toads. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: poison, warning colours and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/) / 13 # Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 13 Toads walk more than they hop and have drier, bumpier skin than frogs. **Who acts:** Toads · **What happens:** walk, hop, have · **To what, where:** drier bumpier skin This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:13 # text = Toads walk more than they hop and have drier, bumpier skin than frogs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Toads toad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 2 advmod _ _ 4 than than SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 5 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 hop hop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:conj 9 drier dry ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 12 amod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 bumpier bumpy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 12 amod _ _ 12 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 13 than than ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _ 15 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **walk** | present | Toads | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **hop** | present | toads *= toad* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **have** | present | Toads *not said here* | drier bumpier skin | | | | than frogs | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/12/) - next →: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)