--- title: Some harmless animals cheat: a hoverfly on your ice cream wears wasp… — Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics · tree and pragmatics description: Some harmless animals cheat: a hoverfly on your ice cream wears wasp stripes but cannot sting at all; copying a dangerous animal like this is called mimicry. Who acts: harmless animals, hoverfly, copying. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: poison, warning colours and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/) / 3 # Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 3 Some harmless animals cheat: a hoverfly on your ice cream wears wasp stripes but cannot sting at all; copying a dangerous animal like this is called mimicry. **Who acts:** harmless animals, hoverfly, copying · **What happens:** cheat, wear, not sting, copy, call · **To what, where:** wasp stripes, dangerous animal, mimicry · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (harmless animals, hoverfly, copying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:3 # text = Some harmless animals cheat: a hoverfly on your ice cream wears wasp stripes but cannot sting at all; copying a dangerous animal like this is called mimicry. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 3 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det 2 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:amod 3 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:compound 4 cheat cheat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 5 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 hoverfly hoverfly NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 appos _ _ 8 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 10 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 cream cream NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:nmod 12 wears wear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 13 wasp wasp NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 but but CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 17 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 18 sting sting VERB VB _ 12 conj _ _ 19 at at ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 18 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:nmod 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 22 copying copy VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 csubj:pass _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 26 like like ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 obl _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux:pass _ _ 29 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 30 mimicry mimicry NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 xcomp _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cheat** | present | some harmless animals | | | | | | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **wear** | present | a hoverfly on your ice cream *not said here* | wasp stripes | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent stripe=Source | | 3 | **not** **sting** | can | a hoverfly on your ice cream *not said here* | | | | | at all | vn tingle-40.8.2 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Patient at all=Stimulus | | 4 | **copy** | gerund | | a dangerous animal | | | | like this | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | | 5 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | copying | mimicry | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/1/) - next →: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)