--- title: Poison dart frogs have poison in their skin and bright colours that… — Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics · tree and pragmatics description: Poison dart frogs have poison in their skin and bright colours that warn predators; in the wild they get the poison from ants and mites they eat, so zoo frogs fed on crickets are not poisonous. Who acts: Poison dart frogs, bright colours, frogs, zoo frogs. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: poison, warning colours and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/) / 5 # Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 5 Poison dart frogs have poison in their skin and bright colours that warn predators; in the wild they get the poison from ants and mites they eat, so zoo frogs fed on crickets are not poisonous. **Who acts:** Poison dart frogs, bright colours, frogs, zoo frogs · **What happens:** have, warn, get, eat, feed, not be · **To what, where:** poison, skin, predators, wild, ants, zoo frogs This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Poison dart frogs, bright colours, frogs, zoo frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:5 # text = Poison dart frogs have poison in their skin and bright colours that warn predators; in the wild they get the poison from ants and mites they eat, so zoo frogs fed on crickets are not poisonous. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 2 dart dart NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=8:cc 10 bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 colours colour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 warn warn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 14 predators predator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 wild wild NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 get get VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 from from ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=24:cc 26 mites mite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:acl:relcl 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 so so ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 31 zoo zoo NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 33 fed feed VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 acl _ _ 34 on on ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 crickets cricket NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 36 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 37 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ _ 38 poisonous poisonous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Poison dart frogs | poison | | frogs's skin and bright colours | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poison=Patient | | 2 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | bright colours | predators | | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent predator=Recipient | | 3 | **get** | present | frogs *= frog* | the poison | | the wild | | from ants and mites | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent poison=Theme from ant=Source | | 4 | **eat** | present | frogs *= frog* | ants and mites *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Patient | | 5 | **feed** | participle | | zoo frogs *not said here* | | | | on crickets | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on cricket=Patient | | 6 | **not** **is** | present | zoo frogs | | | | | poisonous *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/4/) - next →: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)