--- title: Monarch caterpillars eat milkweed, keep its poison in their bodies,… — Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics · tree and pragmatics description: Monarch caterpillars eat milkweed, keep its poison in their bodies, and birds that eat a monarch get sick and learn to avoid orange and black butterflies; the viceroy looks very similar and also tastes bad, so they share the warning. Who acts: Monarch caterpillars, birds, viceroy. A sentence of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: poison, warning colours and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/) / 7 # Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 7 Monarch caterpillars eat milkweed, keep its poison in their bodies, and birds that eat a monarch get sick and learn to avoid orange and black butterflies; the viceroy looks very similar and also tastes bad, so they share the warning. **Who acts:** Monarch caterpillars, birds, viceroy · **What happens:** eat, keep, get, learn, avoid, look · **To what, where:** milkweed, poison, bodies, monarch, orange butterflies, warning This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Monarch caterpillars, birds, viceroy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:7 # text = Monarch caterpillars eat milkweed, keep its poison in their bodies, and birds that eat a monarch get sick and learn to avoid orange and black butterflies; the viceroy looks very similar and also tastes bad, so they share the warning. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×3 1 Monarch monarch NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 caterpillars caterpillar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 milkweed milkweed NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 7 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 14 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 16 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 monarch monarch NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 get get VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 20 sick sick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 xcomp _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 learn learn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 avoid avoid VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 xcomp _ _ 25 orange orange ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 conj _ _ 28 butterflies butterfly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 viceroy viceroy NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 33 very very ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 similar similar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 xcomp _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 also also ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 tastes taste VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 38 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 xcomp _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 so so ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 41 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 42 share share VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | present | Monarch caterpillars | milkweed | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milkweed=Patient | | 2 | **keep** | present | Monarch caterpillars *not said here* | milkweed's poison | | caterpillars's bodies | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent poison=Theme in body=Location | | 3 | **eat** | present | birds | a monarch | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monarch=Patient | | 4 | **get** | present | birds | | | | | sick *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **learn** | present | birds *not said here* | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | birds *not said here* | orange butterflies | | | | | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent butterfly=Location | | 7 | **look** | present | the viceroy | | | | | similar *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 8 | **taste** | present | the viceroy *not said here* | | | | | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 9 | **share** | present | birds *= bird* | the warning | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/6/) - next →: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)