--- title: Pufferfish, called fugu in Japan, have a very strong poison in their… — Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics · tree and pragmatics description: Pufferfish, called fugu in Japan, have a very strong poison in their liver and other parts, made by bacteria in their food; only chefs with a special licence may prepare fugu, and farm-raised pufferfish can be poison-free. Who acts: Pufferfish, chefs, farm raised pufferfish. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: poison, warning colours and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/) / 8 # Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 8 Pufferfish, called fugu in Japan, have a very strong poison in their liver and other parts, made by bacteria in their food; only chefs with a special licence may prepare fugu, and farm-raised pufferfish can be poison-free. **Who acts:** Pufferfish, chefs, farm raised pufferfish · **What happens:** call, have, make, prepare, raise, be · **To what, where:** fugu, Japan, strong poison, liver, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pufferfish, chefs, farm raised pufferfish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:8 # text = Pufferfish, called fugu in Japan, have a very strong poison in their liver and other parts, made by bacteria in their food; only chefs with a special licence may prepare fugu, and farm-raised pufferfish can be poison-free. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Pufferfish Pufferfish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 acl _ _ 4 fugu fugu NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 xcomp _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Japan Japan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 10 very very ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 liver liver NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:acl 21 by by ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl:agent _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=20:obl:agent|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 only only ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 chefs chef NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 special special ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 licence licence NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 33 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 prepare prepare VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 parataxis _ _ 35 fugu fugu NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 38 farm farm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 39 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 38 punct _ _ 40 raised raise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 41 amod _ _ 41 pufferfish pufferfish NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 42 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 43 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 46 cop _ _ 44 poison poison ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 45 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 44 punct _ _ 46 free free ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 conj _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** | participle | Pufferfish *not said here* | fugu | | Japan | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **have** | present | Pufferfish | a strong poison | | Pufferfish's liver and other parts | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poison=Patient | | 3 | **make** | participle | | a strong poison *not said here* | | Pufferfish's food | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 4 | **prepare** | may | chefs with a special licence | fugu | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fugu=Patient | | 5 | **raise** | participle | | | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | can | farm raised pufferfish | | | | | free *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/7/) - next →: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)