--- title: Ladybirds bleed a bitter, smelly yellow liquid from their knees when… — Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics · tree and pragmatics description: Ladybirds bleed a bitter, smelly yellow liquid from their knees when attacked, called reflex bleeding, and their red and black colours warn birds; their spots show the kind of ladybird, not its age. Who acts: Ladybirds, bitter smelly yellow liquid, red colours, spots. A sentence of the lesson «Defen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: poison, warning colours and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/) / 9 # Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 9 Ladybirds bleed a bitter, smelly yellow liquid from their knees when attacked, called reflex bleeding, and their red and black colours warn birds; their spots show the kind of ladybird, not its age. **Who acts:** Ladybirds, bitter smelly yellow liquid, red colours, spots · **What happens:** bleed, attack, call, warn, show · **To what, where:** bitter smelly yellow liquid, knees, reflex bleeding, age, birds, kind · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ladybirds, bitter smelly yellow liquid, red colours, spots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:9 # text = Ladybirds bleed a bitter, smelly yellow liquid from their knees when attacked, called reflex bleeding, and their red and black colours warn birds; their spots show the kind of ladybird, not its age. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Ladybirds ladybird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 bleed bleed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det 4 bitter bitter ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 smelly smelly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 yellow yellow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 liquid liquid NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 knees knee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:obl 12 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 13 advmod _ _ 13 attacked attack VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:advcl 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 16 reflex reflex NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 bleeding bleeding NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:obj 18 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 20 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 21 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 conj _ _ 24 colours colour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 warn warn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 26 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 28 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 parataxis _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 ladybird ladybird NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ _ 37 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bleed** | present | Ladybirds | a bitter smelly yellow liquid | | Ladybirds's knees | | | vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme from knee=Source | | 2 | **attack** | participle | Ladybirds *not said here* | | | | | | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **call** | participle | a bitter smelly yellow liquid *not said here* | reflex bleeding | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | Ladybirds's red colours | kind's age | birds | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient | | 5 | **show** | present | Ladybirds's spots | the kind of ladybird | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kind=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/8/) - next →: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)