--- title: Sea urchins are covered with movable spines that point towards a thr… — Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour · tree and pragmatics description: Sea urchins are covered with movable spines that point towards a threat, and their mouth underneath has five teeth called Aristotle's lantern. Who acts: movable spines, mouth, five teeth. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/) / 11 # Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 11 Sea urchins are covered with movable spines that point towards a threat, and their mouth underneath has five teeth called Aristotle's lantern. **Who acts:** movable spines, mouth, five teeth · **What happens:** cover, point, have, call · **To what, where:** Sea urchins, five teeth, lantern · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (movable spines, mouth, five teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:11 # text = Sea urchins are covered with movable spines that point towards a threat, and their mouth underneath has five teeth called Aristotle's lantern. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 urchins urchin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 movable movable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 point point VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 towards towards ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 threat threat NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 17 underneath underneath ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 19 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 acl _ _ 22 Aristotle Aristotle PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 's 's PART POS _ 22 case _ _ 24 lantern lantern NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 xcomp _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cover** | present · passive | | Sea urchins | | | | with movable spines | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with spine=Theme | | 2 | **point** | present | movable spines | | | | | towards a threat | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards threat=Recipient | | 3 | **have** | present | urchins's mouth | five teeth | | | | underneath *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | | 4 | **call** | participle | five teeth *not said here* | Aristotle's lantern | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/10/) - next →: [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/)