--- title: The bombardier beetle mixes two chemicals in a chamber in its bottom… — Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour · tree and pragmatics description: The bombardier beetle mixes two chemicals in a chamber in its bottom, they react with a burst of heat, and it fires a boiling hot spray with a pop in almost any direction. Who acts: bombardier beetle, chemicals, smell. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/) / 13 # Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 13 The bombardier beetle mixes two chemicals in a chamber in its bottom, they react with a burst of heat, and it fires a boiling hot spray with a pop in almost any direction. **Who acts:** bombardier beetle, chemicals, smell · **What happens:** mix, react, fire, burst · **To what, where:** two chemicals, chamber, boiling hot spray, direction, heat This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bombardier beetle, chemicals, smell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:13 # text = The bombardier beetle mixes two chemicals in a chamber in its bottom, they react with a burst of heat, and it fires a boiling hot spray with a pop in almost any direction. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 bombardier bombardier NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 beetle beetle NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 mixes mix VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 chemicals chemical NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 chamber chamber NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 react react VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 16 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 burst burst NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 fires fire VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 26 boiling boiling NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 27 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 spray spray NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 pop pop NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:nmod 32 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 almost almost ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 34 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 35 det _ _ 35 direction direction NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mix** | present | the bombardier beetle | two chemicals | | a chamber in chamber's bottom | | | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemical=Patient | | 2 | **react** | present | chemicals *= chemical* | | | | | with a burst of heat | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with burst=Eventuality | | 3 | **fire** | present | smell | a boiling hot spray | | any direction | | with a pop | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent spray=Theme in direction=Destination | | 4 | **burst** | | | heat | | | | | nom burst «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/12/) - next →: [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/)