--- title: Crabs raise their claws to look bigger, male fiddler crabs wave one… — Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour · tree and pragmatics description: Crabs raise their claws to look bigger, male fiddler crabs wave one giant claw, and many crabs can grow back a lost claw over several moults. Who acts: Crabs, male fiddler crabs, many crabs. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/) / 15 # Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 15 Crabs raise their claws to look bigger, male fiddler crabs wave one giant claw, and many crabs can grow back a lost claw over several moults. **Who acts:** Crabs, male fiddler crabs, many crabs · **What happens:** raise, look, wave, grow back, lose · **To what, where:** claws, one giant claw, lost claw, several moults This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crabs, male fiddler crabs, many crabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:15 # text = Crabs raise their claws to look bigger, male fiddler crabs wave one giant claw, and many crabs can grow back a lost claw over several moults. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Crabs crab NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 raise raise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 claws claw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 7 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 6 xcomp _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 male male ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 fiddler fiddler NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 crabs crab NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 wave wave VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 13 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 14 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 claw claw NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 18 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 crabs crab NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 20 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 conj _ _ 22 back back ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 amod _ _ 25 claw claw NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:obl 26 over over ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 moults moult NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **raise** | present | Crabs | Crabs's claws | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Theme | | 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | Crabs *not said here* | | | | | big *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **wave** | present | male fiddler crabs | one giant claw | | | | | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Patient | | 4 | **grow back** | can | many crabs | a lost claw | | several moults | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location claw=Theme | | 5 | **lose** | participle | | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/14/) - next →: [Defences: tricks and myths: playing de…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/)