--- title: A hedgehog has about 5,000 to 7,000 spines, which are hollow hairs w… — Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour · tree and pragmatics description: A hedgehog has about 5,000 to 7,000 spines, which are hollow hairs without barbs, and strong muscles to curl up tight, but badgers are strong enough to unroll one. Who acts: hedgehog, 5,000 spines, badgers. A sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/) / 7 # Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 7 A hedgehog has about 5,000 to 7,000 spines, which are hollow hairs without barbs, and strong muscles to curl up tight, but badgers are strong enough to unroll one. **Who acts:** hedgehog, 5,000 spines, badgers · **What happens:** have, be, curl up, unroll · **To what, where:** 5,000 spines, hollow hairs, one This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hedgehog, 5,000 spines, badgers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:7 # text = A hedgehog has about 5,000 to 7,000 spines, which are hollow hairs without barbs, and strong muscles to curl up tight, but badgers are strong enough to unroll one. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 about about ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 5,000 5000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 7,000 7000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 nmod _ _ 8 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 11 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 12 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 hairs hair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 acl:relcl _ _ 14 without without ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 barbs barb NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 curl curl VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 acl _ _ 22 up up ADP RP _ 21 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 23 tight tight ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 but but CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 badgers badger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 27 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 28 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 29 enough enough ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 unroll unroll VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 advcl _ _ 32 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 31 obj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a hedgehog | 5,000 spines and strong muscles | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spine=Patient | | 2 | **is a** | present | 5,000 spines and strong muscles | hollow hairs | | | | without barbs | tree rules | | 3 | **curl up** | to-infinitive | a hedgehog *not said here* | | | | | tight *property* | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is** | present | badgers | | | | | enough, strong *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **unroll** | to-infinitive | badgers *not said here* | one | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent one=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/5/) - next →: [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/)