--- title: A horse is a runner built to escape: four long legs, each ending in… — Horses, zebras and donkeys · tree and pragmatics description: A horse is a runner built to escape: four long legs, each ending in a single giant toe whose hoof is a huge toenail, eyes on the sides of its head that see almost all the way round, and a big heart and lungs for galloping. Who acts: horse, four long legs, hoof, sides. A sentence of the lesson «Horse --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Horses, zebras and donkeys](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/) / 0 # Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 0 A horse is a runner built to escape: four long legs, each ending in a single giant toe whose hoof is a huge toenail, eyes on the sides of its head that see almost all the way round, and a big heart and lungs for galloping. **Who acts:** horse, four long legs, hoof, sides · **What happens:** be, build, escape, end, see, gallop · **To what, where:** runner, single giant toe, huge toenail This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, four long legs, hoof, sides), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:0 # text = A horse is a runner built to escape: four long legs, each ending in a single giant toe whose hoof is a huge toenail, eyes on the sides of its head that see almost all the way round, and a big heart and lungs for galloping. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 runner runner NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 escape escape VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:xcomp 9 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 10 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 11 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 appos _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 15 det _ _ 15 ending end VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 acl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 16 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 19 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 toe toe NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:nmod 21 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 hoof hoof NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 toenail toenail NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 acl:relcl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 sides side NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 35 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 36 nsubj _ _ 36 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 37 almost almost ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 38 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 40 det:predet _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 ccomp _ _ 41 round round ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:advmod 42 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 45 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 48 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 conj _ _ 49 for for ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 galloping gallop VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 46 obl _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a horse | a runner | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **build** | participle | | a runner *not said here* | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **escape** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **end** | gerund | four long legs and eyes on the sides of hoof's head and a big heart and lungs *not said here* | | | a single giant toe | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 5 | **is a** | present | a huge toenail's hoof | a huge toenail | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **see** | present | the sides of hoof's head | | | | | round *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **gallop** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Wolves and dogs, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/16/) - next →: [Horses, zebras and donkeys, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/)