---
title: Zebras defend themselves with powerful kicks and bites that can badl… — Horses, zebras and donkeys · tree and pragmatics
description: Zebras defend themselves with powerful kicks and bites that can badly injure a lion, and they have never been tamed like horses. Who acts: Zebras, powerful kicks. A sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 13

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Zebras defend themselves with powerful kicks and bites that can badly injure a lion, and they have never been tamed like horses.

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**Who acts:** Zebras, powerful kicks · **What happens:** defend, injure, not tame · **To what, where:** zebra, lion

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zebras, powerful kicks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:13
# text = Zebras defend themselves with powerful kicks and bites that can badly injure a lion, and they have never been tamed like horses.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	Zebras	zebra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	defend	defend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kicks	kick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	bites	bite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	injure	injure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:acl:relcl
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	tamed	tame	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:conj
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defend** | present | Zebras | zebra |  |  |  | with powerful kicks and bites | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **injure** | can | powerful kicks and bites | a lion |  |  |  | badly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **tame** | present · perfect · passive |  | zebra |  |  |  | like horses | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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