--- title: Donkeys' long ears hear far-away calls and help them lose heat, and… — Horses, zebras and donkeys · tree and pragmatics description: Donkeys' long ears hear far-away calls and help them lose heat, and donkeys are often kept as guards for sheep, because they chase off foxes and dogs. Who acts: long ears, calls, ears. A sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Horses, zebras and donkeys](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/) / 15 # Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 15 Donkeys' long ears hear far-away calls and help them lose heat, and donkeys are often kept as guards for sheep, because they chase off foxes and dogs. **Who acts:** long ears, calls, ears · **What happens:** hear, help, lose, keep, chase off · **To what, where:** calls, heat, donkeys, foxes This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (long ears, calls, ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:15 # text = Donkeys' long ears hear far-away calls and help them lose heat, and donkeys are often kept as guards for sheep, because they chase off foxes and dogs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Donkeys donkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod:poss _ _ 2 ' 's PART POS _ 1 case _ _ 3 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 hear hear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 8 advmod _ _ 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 8 away away ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 9 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 lose lose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ 14 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 donkeys donkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 19 often often ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 21 as as ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 guards guard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 sheep sheep NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 because because SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 chase chase VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ _ 29 off off ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ _ 30 foxes fox NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:obl 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | present | Donkeys's long ears | calls | | | | away *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer call=Stimulus | | 2 | **help** | present | Donkeys's long ears *not said here* | calls *= call* | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 3 | **lose** | infinitive | calls *= call* *not said here* | heat | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | | 4 | **keep** | present · passive | | donkeys | | | | as guards; for sheep; often *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 5 | **chase off** | present | ears *= ear* | foxes and dogs | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fox=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Horses, zebras and donkeys, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/14/) - next →: [Horses, zebras and donkeys, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/)