--- title: Its cousins are the zebra, black-skinned with white stripes that see… — Horses, zebras and donkeys · tree and pragmatics description: Its cousins are the zebra, black-skinned with white stripes that seem to confuse biting flies, and the donkey, a desert animal with long ears and a hee-haw bray that carries about 3 kilometres. Who acts: cousins, white stripes, haw bray. A sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Horses, zebras and donkeys](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/) / 2 # Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 2 Its cousins are the zebra, black-skinned with white stripes that seem to confuse biting flies, and the donkey, a desert animal with long ears and a hee-haw bray that carries about 3 kilometres. **Who acts:** cousins, white stripes, haw bray · **What happens:** be, seem, confuse, bite, carry · **To what, where:** zebra, biting flies, 3 kilometres This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cousins, white stripes, haw bray), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:2 # text = Its cousins are the zebra, black-skinned with white stripes that seem to confuse biting flies, and the donkey, a desert animal with long ears and a hee-haw bray that carries about 3 kilometres. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 zebra zebra NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ _ 9 skinned skinned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 appos _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 13 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 14 seem seem VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl:relcl _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 confuse confuse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 xcomp _ _ 17 biting bite VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 amod _ _ 18 flies fly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=5:cc 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 donkey donkey NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 desert desert ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 appos _ _ 27 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=29:cc 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 32 hee hee NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 32 punct _ _ 34 haw haw NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 bray bray NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 conj _ _ 36 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 37 nsubj _ _ 37 carries carry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 acl:relcl _ _ 38 about about ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 40 nummod _ _ 40 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:obl:unmarked 41 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | hoof's cousins | the zebra and the donkey | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **seem** | present | white stripes | | | | | | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | | 3 | **confuse** | to-infinitive | white stripes *not said here* | biting flies | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Patient | | 4 | **bite** | gerund | | | | | | | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **carry** | present | a haw bray | 3 kilometres | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Horses, zebras and donkeys, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/1/) - next →: [Horses, zebras and donkeys, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/)