--- title: Horse teeth keep growing out and wearing down on tough grass, so a v… — Horses, zebras and donkeys · tree and pragmatics description: Horse teeth keep growing out and wearing down on tough grass, so a vet can guess a horse's age from its teeth. Who acts: Horse teeth, vet. A sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Horses, zebras and donkeys](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/) / 8 # Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 8 Horse teeth keep growing out and wearing down on tough grass, so a vet can guess a horse's age from its teeth. **Who acts:** Horse teeth, vet · **What happens:** keep, grow out, wear down, guess · **To what, where:** tough grass, age, teeth This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horse teeth, vet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:8 # text = Horse teeth keep growing out and wearing down on tough grass, so a vet can guess a horse's age from its teeth. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nsubj 3 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 growing grow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 xcomp _ _ 5 out out ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 wearing wear VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 8 down down ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 13 so so ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 vet vet NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 16 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 guess guess VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod:poss _ _ 20 's 's PART POS _ 19 case _ _ 21 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 22 from from ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | present | Horse teeth | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **grow out** | gerund | Horse teeth *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **wear down** | gerund | Horse teeth *not said here* | | | tough grass | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **guess** | can | a vet | a horse's age | | horse's teeth | | | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Horses, zebras and donkeys, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/7/) - next →: [Horses, zebras and donkeys, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/)