--- title: Pine needles are thin, tough and waxy, so they lose little water in… — Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree i… · tree and pragmatics description: Pine needles are thin, tough and waxy, so they lose little water in winter when the ground is frozen; some bristlecone pine needles stay on the tree for over 40 years. Who acts: Pine needles, needles, bristlecone pine needles. A sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, ho…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/) / 19 # Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air, sentence 19 Pine needles are thin, tough and waxy, so they lose little water in winter when the ground is frozen; some bristlecone pine needles stay on the tree for over 40 years. **Who acts:** Pine needles, needles, bristlecone pine needles · **What happens:** be, lose, freeze, stay · **To what, where:** little water, ground, tree This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pine needles, needles, bristlecone pine needles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air.lesson:19 # text = Pine needles are thin, tough and waxy, so they lose little water in winter when the ground is frozen; some bristlecone pine needles stay on the tree for over 40 years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Pine pine NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 needles needle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 waxy waxy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=6:conj 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 10 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 13 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 17 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 21 advmod _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 advcl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 23 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 26 det _ _ 24 bristlecone bristlecone NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 25 pine pine NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 needles needle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 stay stay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 28 on on ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 31 for for ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 over over ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 40 40 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 34 nummod _ _ 34 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Pine needles | | | | | thin *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Pine needles *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | Pine needles *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **lose** | present | needles *= needle* | little water | | | winter | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality | | 5 | **freeze** | present · passive | | the ground | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | | 6 | **stay** | present | some bristlecone pine needles | | | the tree | year | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, ho…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/18/) - next →: [Plants deeper: do trees talk? Fungi, w…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/252-plants-deeper-do-trees-talk-fungi-warning-smells-and-giant-clones/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/)