--- title: Cactus spines are leaves turned into spikes that guard the water ins… — Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging plants and… · tree and pragmatics description: Cactus spines are leaves turned into spikes that guard the water inside and give a little shade. Who acts: spikes. A sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging plants and staying safe» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe/) / 17 # Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging plants and staying safe, sentence 17 Cactus spines are leaves turned into spikes that guard the water inside and give a little shade. **Who acts:** spikes · **What happens:** turn, guard, give · **To what, where:** Cactus spines, spikes, water, little shade This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging plants and staying safe» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spikes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe.lesson:17 # text = Cactus spines are leaves turned into spikes that guard the water inside and give a little shade. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Cactus cactus NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 4 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 into into ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 spikes spike NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 guard guard VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 inside inside ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 shade shade NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 18 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **turn** | present · passive | | Cactus spines | | spikes | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into spike=Trajectory | | 2 | **guard** | present | spikes | the water | | | | inside *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Beneficiary | | 3 | **give** | present | spikes *not said here* | a little shade | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shade=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe/16/) - next →: [Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe/)