---
title: Cells make copies of themselves by splitting in two, and your body m… — The microscopic world: cells, the building block… · tree and pragmatics
description: Cells make copies of themselves by splitting in two, and your body makes millions of new cells every second. Who acts: Cells, body. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life, sentence 13

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Cells make copies of themselves by splitting in two, and your body makes millions of new cells every second.

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**Who acts:** Cells, body · **What happens:** make, split, copy · **To what, where:** copies, two, millions, cells

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cells, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson:13
# text = Cells make copies of themselves by splitting in two, and your body makes millions of new cells every second.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	nmod	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	splitting	split	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
20	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Cells | copies of cells |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |
| 2 | **split** | gerund | Cells *not said here* |  |  | two |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | present | your body | millions of new cells |  |  | second |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset million=Product |
| 4 | **copy** |  |  | cells *= cell* |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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