--- title: A single cell can eat, move and make copies of itself by splitting i… — The microscopic world: cells, the building block… · tree and pragmatics description: A single cell can eat, move and make copies of itself by splitting in two; that is how your scraped knee heals, as new skin cells divide and fill the gap while the scab protects the wound on top. Who acts: single cell, that, scraped knee, new skin cells. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic wor --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The microscopic world: cells, the buil…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life/) / 2 # The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life, sentence 2 A single cell can eat, move and make copies of itself by splitting in two; that is how your scraped knee heals, as new skin cells divide and fill the gap while the scab protects the wound on top. **Who acts:** single cell, that, scraped knee, new skin cells, scab · **What happens:** eat, move, make, split, be, scrape · **To what, where:** copies, two, gap, wound, top, view This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (single cell, that, scraped knee, new skin cells), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson:2 # text = A single cell can eat, move and make copies of itself by splitting in two; that is how your scraped knee heals, as new skin cells divide and fill the gap while the scab protects the wound on top. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 cell cell NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 move move VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:xcomp 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 10 copies copy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 itself itself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes 10 nmod _ _ 13 by by SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 14 splitting split VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 14 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 18 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 20 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 parataxis _ _ 21 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 22 scraped scrape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 amod _ _ 23 knee knee NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 heals heal VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 as as SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 27 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 28 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 divide divide VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 fill fill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=30:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 gap gap NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 while while SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 scab scab NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 protects protect VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 wound wound NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 on on ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | can | a single cell | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **move** | infinitive | a single cell *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **make** | infinitive | a single cell *not said here* | copies of view | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product | | 4 | **split** | gerund | a single cell *not said here* | | | two | | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | that | | | | | how *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **scrape** | participle | | | | | | | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **heal** | present | your scraped knee | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 8 | **divide** | present | new skin cells | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 9 | **fill** | present | new skin cells *not said here* | the gap | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gap=Patient | | 10 | **protect** | present | the scab | the wound | | top | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wound=Beneficiary | | 11 | **copy** | | | view | | | | | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The microscopic world: cells, the buil…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life/1/) - next →: [The microscopic world: cells, the buil…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life/)