---
title: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first saw tiny living things in water, which… — The microscopic world: cells, the building block… · tree and pragmatics
description: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first saw tiny living things in water, which he called «animalcules», with homemade lenses in the 1670s. Who acts: Antonie. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency 
---

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# The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life, sentence 5

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first saw tiny living things in water, which he called «animalcules», with homemade lenses in the 1670s.

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**Who acts:** Antonie · **What happens:** see, call · **To what, where:** tiny living things, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antonie), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson:5
# text = Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first saw tiny living things in water, which he called «animalcules», with homemade lenses in the 1670s.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Antonie	Antonie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	van	Van	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Leeuwenhoek	Leeuwenhoek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
16	animalcules	animalcule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	xcomp	_	_
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	homemade	homemade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	1670s	1670	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Antonie | tiny living things and homemade lenses |  | water |  | in the 1670s; first *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 2 | **call** | past | Antonie | tiny living things and homemade lenses |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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