---
title: Bacteria are living things made of just one tiny cell, so small that… — The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad · tree and pragmatics
description: Bacteria are living things made of just one tiny cell, so small that hundreds could sit side by side across the full stop at the end of this sentence; they live everywhere, from deep rocks and clouds to Antarctic ice and your own tummy. Who acts: Bacteria, hundreds. A sentence of the lesson «The mic
---

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# The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 0

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Bacteria are living things made of just one tiny cell, so small that hundreds could sit side by side across the full stop at the end of this sentence; they live everywhere, from deep rocks and clouds to Antarctic ice and your own tummy.

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**Who acts:** Bacteria, hundreds · **What happens:** be, make, sit, live · **To what, where:** living things, side, full stop, Antarctic ice

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, hundreds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:0
# text = Bacteria are living things made of just one tiny cell, so small that hundreds could sit side by side across the full stop at the end of this sentence; they live everywhere, from deep rocks and clouds to Antarctic ice and your own tummy.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:ccomp
18	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	across	across	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
32	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
34	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	33	advmod	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
36	from	from	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
37	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	conj	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	_
43	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
45	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
46	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	conj	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bacteria | living things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | living things *not said here* |  |  |  | of one tiny cell | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **be** |  | Bacteria *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **sit** | could | hundreds | side |  | the full stop | at the end of this sentence | by side | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent side=Theme by side=Location |
| 5 | **live** | present | hundreds *= hundred* |  |  | Antarctic ice and your own tummy |  | everywhere *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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