--- title: Bacteria and fungi are decomposers: in compost and in soil they brea… — The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad · tree and pragmatics description: Bacteria and fungi are decomposers: in compost and in soil they break down peelings, dead leaves and dead animals, give off heat as they work, and return nutrients to the soil; a big heap can reach about 60 degrees in the middle. Who acts: Bacteria, big heap. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/) / 16 # The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 16 Bacteria and fungi are decomposers: in compost and in soil they break down peelings, dead leaves and dead animals, give off heat as they work, and return nutrients to the soil; a big heap can reach about 60 degrees in the middle. **Who acts:** Bacteria, big heap · **What happens:** be, break down, give off, work, return, reach · **To what, where:** decomposers, peelings, compost, heat, nutrients, soil This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, big heap), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:16 # text = Bacteria and fungi are decomposers: in compost and in soil they break down peelings, dead leaves and dead animals, give off heat as they work, and return nutrients to the soil; a big heap can reach about 60 degrees in the middle. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Bacteria Bacteria NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 fungi fungi NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 decomposers decomposer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 compost compost NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 break break VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 14 down down ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 peelings peeling NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 24 off off ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 25 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 as as SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 work work VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 return return VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=23:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 32 nutrients nutrient NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:nmod 36 ; ; PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 heap heap NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 40 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 41 reach reach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 conj _ _ 42 about about ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=44:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 43 60 60 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 44 nummod _ _ 44 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=41:obl 45 in in ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 middle middle NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=44:nmod 48 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Bacteria and fungi | decomposers | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **break down** | present | bacteria | peelings and dead leaves and dead animals | | compost and soil | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent peeling=Patient | | 3 | **give off** | present | bacteria *not said here* | heat | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source heat=Theme | | 4 | **work** | present | bacteria | | | | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **return** | present | bacteria *not said here* | nutrients | | the soil | | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nutrient=Theme to soil=Destination | | 6 | **reach** | can | a big heap | 60 degrees | | the middle | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent degree=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/14/) - next →: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/)