--- title: Bacteria multiply by splitting in two, as often as every 20 minutes,… — The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad · tree and pragmatics description: Bacteria multiply by splitting in two, as often as every 20 minutes, which is why milk left out on a warm day goes sour so fast and why food lasts longer in the cold fridge. Who acts: Bacteria, 20 minutes, food. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/) / 4 # The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 4 Bacteria multiply by splitting in two, as often as every 20 minutes, which is why milk left out on a warm day goes sour so fast and why food lasts longer in the cold fridge. **Who acts:** Bacteria, 20 minutes, food · **What happens:** multiply, split, be, go, last · **To what, where:** two, cold fridge This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, 20 minutes, food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:4 # text = Bacteria multiply by splitting in two, as often as every 20 minutes, which is why milk left out on a warm day goes sour so fast and why food lasts longer in the cold fridge. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 multiply multiply VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 by by SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 4 splitting split VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 6 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:nummod 7 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 8 as as ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 13 cc _ _ 9 often often ADV RB _ 8 fixed _ _ 10 as as ADP IN _ 8 fixed _ _ 11 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 13 det _ _ 12 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 13 nummod _ _ 13 minutes minute NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 17 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 19 advmod _ _ 18 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 left leave VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 20 out out ADP RP _ 19 compound:prt _ _ 21 on on SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:nsubj 25 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 26 sour sour ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 xcomp _ _ 27 so so ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 fast fast ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 xcomp _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 32 advmod _ _ 31 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 lasts last VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:conj 33 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 32 advmod _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 fridge fridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **multiply** | present | Bacteria | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **split** | gerund | Bacteria *not said here* | | | two | minute | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **is** | present | every 20 minutes | | | | day | leave *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **go** | present | every 20 minutes *not said here* | | | | | fast, sour *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **last** | present | food | | | the cold fridge | | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/2/) - next →: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/)