--- title: Yoghurt is made by bacteria that turn milk sugar into acid, which th… — The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad · tree and pragmatics description: Yoghurt is made by bacteria that turn milk sugar into acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sour; bacteria also help make cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and sourdough bread. Who acts: bacteria, acid. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/) / 5 # The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 5 Yoghurt is made by bacteria that turn milk sugar into acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sour; bacteria also help make cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and sourdough bread. **Who acts:** bacteria, acid · **What happens:** make, turn, thicken, help · **To what, where:** Yoghurt, milk sugar, acid, milk, cheese This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bacteria, acid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:5 # text = Yoghurt is made by bacteria that turn milk sugar into acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sour; bacteria also help make cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and sourdough bread. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Yoghurt yoghurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 acid acid NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 14 thickens thicken VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 sour sour ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 xcomp _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 22 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 also also ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:advmod 24 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 25 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 xcomp _ _ 26 cheese cheese NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 pickles pickle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:obj 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 sauerkraut sauerkraut NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 sourdough sourdough NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=33:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 33 bread bread NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | bacteria | Yoghurt | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | | 2 | **turn** | present | bacteria | milk sugar | | acid | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent sugar=Theme into acid=Trajectory | | 3 | **thicken** | present | acid | the milk | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient | | 4 | **make** | present | acid *not said here* | milk | | | | sour *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | | 5 | **help** | present | bacteria | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 6 | **make** | infinitive | bacteria *not said here* | cheese and pickles and sauerkraut and sourdough bread | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cheese=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/4/) - next →: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/)