--- title: In 1928 Alexander Fleming noticed that a mould on a dish had killed… — The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad · tree and pragmatics description: In 1928 Alexander Fleming noticed that a mould on a dish had killed the bacteria around it, which led to penicillin, a medicine that has saved many millions of lives. Who acts: Alexander, mould, medicine. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/) / 8 # The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad, sentence 8 In 1928 Alexander Fleming noticed that a mould on a dish had killed the bacteria around it, which led to penicillin, a medicine that has saved many millions of lives. **Who acts:** Alexander, mould, medicine · **What happens:** notice, kill, lead, save · **To what, where:** 1928, bacteria, dish, many millions · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alexander, mould, medicine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:8 # text = In 1928 Alexander Fleming noticed that a mould on a dish had killed the bacteria around it, which led to penicillin, a medicine that has saved many millions of lives. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1928 1928 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 3 Alexander Alexander PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 Fleming Fleming PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 5 noticed notice VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 mould mould NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 dish dish NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 ccomp _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 bacteria bacteria NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 around around ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 led lead VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 21 to to ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 penicillin penicillin NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 medicine medicine NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 appos _ _ 26 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 27 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 saved save VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 acl:relcl _ _ 29 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 lives life NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **notice** | past | Alexander | | | 1928 | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **kill** | past · perfect | a mould on a dish | the bacteria | | dish | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme | | 3 | **lead** | past | | | | | | to penicillin | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to penicillin=Patient | | 4 | **save** | present · perfect | a medicine | many millions of lives | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/7/) - next →: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/)