---
title: A virus is far smaller than a bacterium, a tiny packet of instructio… — The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines · tree and pragmatics
description: A virus is far smaller than a bacterium, a tiny packet of instructions in a coat, often drawn like a ball with spikes; most are too small to see even with an ordinary school microscope. Who acts: virus, most. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology cours
---

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# The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A virus is far smaller than a bacterium, a tiny packet of instructions in a coat, often drawn like a ball with spikes; most are too small to see even with an ordinary school microscope.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** virus, most · **What happens:** be, draw, see · **To what, where:** tiny packet

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (virus, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:0
# text = A virus is far smaller than a bacterium, a tiny packet of instructions in a coat, often drawn like a ball with spikes; most are too small to see even with an ordinary school microscope.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bacterium	bacterium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	packet	packet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:conj
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	30	nsubj	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	too	too	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:appos
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	advcl	_	_
33	even	even	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
34	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
35	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
36	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
37	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a virus |  |  |  |  | than a bacterium; far, small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **draw** | participle |  | a tiny packet of instructions in a coat *not said here* |  |  |  | like a ball with spikes; often *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | most |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | to-infinitive | most *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a ordinary school microscope | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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