---
title: Bats live in big crowded colonies and carry many viruses without get… — The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines · tree and pragmatics
description: Bats live in big crowded colonies and carry many viruses without getting sick, thanks to very strong immune systems; viruses can sometimes jump from animals to people, but bats are very important for pollination and eating insects and should not be harmed. Who acts: Bats, viruses. A sentence of the 
---

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# The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats live in big crowded colonies and carry many viruses without getting sick, thanks to very strong immune systems; viruses can sometimes jump from animals to people, but bats are very important for pollination and eating insects and should not be harmed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bats, viruses · **What happens:** live, carry, get, jump, be, eat · **To what, where:** big crowded colonies, many viruses, thanks, insects

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:14
# text = Bats live in big crowded colonies and carry many viruses without getting sick, thanks to very strong immune systems; viruses can sometimes jump from animals to people, but bats are very important for pollination and eating insects and should not be harmed.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	crowded	crowded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
13	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	systems	system	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	25	advmod	_	_
25	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
33	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
34	very	very	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
36	for	for	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	pollination	pollination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	35	conj	_	_
40	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obj	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
42	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
43	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	45	advmod	_	_
44	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	conj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Bats |  |  | big crowded colonies |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in colony=Location |
| 2 | **carry** | present | Bats *not said here* | many viruses |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent virus=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | gerund | Bats *not said here* | thanks to strong immune systems |  |  |  | sick *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **jump** | can | viruses |  |  |  |  | from animals; to people *result*; sometimes *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from animal=Initial\_State to people=Result |
| 5 | **is** | present | bats |  |  |  |  | for pollination; important *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **eat** | gerund | bats *not said here* | insects |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient |
| 7 | **not** **harm** | should · passive | bats *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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