---
title: Giant viruses such as the mimivirus, described in 2003, are bigger t… — The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines · tree and pragmatics
description: Giant viruses such as the mimivirus, described in 2003, are bigger than some small bacteria, and some are even infected by their own little viruses. Who acts: Giant viruses, own little viruses. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's pri
---

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# The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 18

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Giant viruses such as the mimivirus, described in 2003, are bigger than some small bacteria, and some are even infected by their own little viruses.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Giant viruses, own little viruses · **What happens:** describe, be, infect · **To what, where:** mimivirus, 2003, some

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giant viruses, own little viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:18
# text = Giant viruses such as the mimivirus, described in 2003, are bigger than some small bacteria, and some are even infected by their own little viruses.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
3	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mimivirus	mimivirus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	described	describe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	2003	2003	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
16	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
22	even	even	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
26	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl:agent	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | participle |  | the mimivirus *not said here* |  | 2003 |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Giant viruses such the mimivirus |  |  |  |  | than some small bacteria; big *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **infect** | present · passive | ancestors's own little viruses | some |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/17/)
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