--- title: Colds are caused by viruses spread by sneezes, coughs and touching h… — The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines · tree and pragmatics description: Colds are caused by viruses spread by sneezes, coughs and touching hands and then faces, and there are over 200 kinds of cold virus, so you keep catching new ones. Who acts: viruses, 200 kinds, you. A sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/) / 5 # The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 5 Colds are caused by viruses spread by sneezes, coughs and touching hands and then faces, and there are over 200 kinds of cold virus, so you keep catching new ones. **Who acts:** viruses, 200 kinds, you · **What happens:** cause, spread, touch, be, keep, catch · **To what, where:** Colds, viruses, hands, new ones This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (viruses, 200 kinds, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:5 # text = Colds are caused by viruses spread by sneezes, coughs and touching hands and then faces, and there are over 200 kinds of cold virus, so you keep catching new ones. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Colds cold NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl:agent _ _ 6 spread spread VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 sneezes sneeze NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 coughs cough NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 touching touch VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 conj _ _ 13 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 16 advmod _ _ 16 faces face NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 20 expl _ _ 20 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 21 over over ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 virus virus NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 so so ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 29 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 31 catching catch VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 30 xcomp _ _ 32 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cause** | present · passive | viruses | Colds | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | | 2 | **spread** | participle | | viruses *not said here* | | | | by sneezes and coughs | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sneeze=Location | | 3 | **touch** | gerund | viruses *not said here* | hands and faces | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hand=Co-Theme | | 4 | **does** | present | 200 kinds of cold virus | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **keep** | present | you | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **catch** | gerund | you *not said here* | new ones | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/4/) - next →: [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/)