--- title: A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless piece or weak form of a… — The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines · tree and pragmatics description: A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless piece or weak form of a germ, so the body learns to recognise it and fights it fast next time; when almost everyone in a place is vaccinated, the germ finds very few people to jump to and struggles to spread. Who acts: vaccine, body, germ. A sentence of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/) / 8 # The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 8 A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless piece or weak form of a germ, so the body learns to recognise it and fights it fast next time; when almost everyone in a place is vaccinated, the germ finds very few people to jump to and struggles to spread. **Who acts:** vaccine, body, germ · **What happens:** show, learn, recognise, fight, vaccinate, find · **To what, where:** immune system, body, everyone, few people, germ This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, body, germ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:8 # text = A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless piece or weak form of a germ, so the body learns to recognise it and fights it fast next time; when almost everyone in a place is vaccinated, the germ finds very few people to jump to and struggles to spread. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 vaccine vaccine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 immune immune NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 system system NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 10 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 weak weak ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 so so ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 learns learn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 recognise recognise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 fights fight VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 25 advmod _ _ 28 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl:unmarked _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 31 when when SCONJ WRB _ 38 mark _ _ 32 almost almost ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 everyone everyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 vaccinated vaccinate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 42 advcl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 42 finds find VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 43 very very ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obj _ _ 46 to to PART TO _ 47 mark _ _ 47 jump jump VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 acl _ _ 48 to to ADP IN _ 47 obl _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 struggles struggle VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 conj _ _ 51 to to PART TO _ 52 mark _ _ 52 spread spread VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 xcomp _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | a vaccine | the immune system | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent system=Recipient piece=Topic | | 2 | **learn** | present | the body | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **recognise** | to-infinitive | the body *not said here* | body | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 4 | **fight** | present | a vaccine *not said here* | body | | | time | fast *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Co-Agent | | 5 | **vaccinate** | present · passive | | everyone | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **find** | present | the germ | few people | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic | | 7 | **jump** | to-infinitive | the germ *not said here* | few people *not said here* | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **struggle** | present | the germ *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **spread** | to-infinitive | the germ *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 10 | **form** | | | a germ | | | | | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/7/) - next →: [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/)