--- title: Sperm whales dive more than 1,000 metres deep, can hold their breath… — Whales · tree and pragmatics description: Sperm whales dive more than 1,000 metres deep, can hold their breath for over an hour, hunt squid using clicks, and have the biggest brain of any animal, around 8 kilograms. Who acts: Sperm whales. A sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Whales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/) / 11 # Whales, sentence 11 Sperm whales dive more than 1,000 metres deep, can hold their breath for over an hour, hunt squid using clicks, and have the biggest brain of any animal, around 8 kilograms. **Who acts:** Sperm whales · **What happens:** dive, hold, hunt, use, have · **To what, where:** 8 kilograms, breath, squid, clicks, biggest brain This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sperm whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:026-whales.lesson:11 # text = Sperm whales dive more than 1,000 metres deep, can hold their breath for over an hour, hunt squid using clicks, and have the biggest brain of any animal, around 8 kilograms. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 026-whales.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Sperm sperm NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 dive dive VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 6 advmod _ _ 5 than than ADP IN _ 4 fixed _ _ 6 1,000 1000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 7 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obj 8 deep deep ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 12 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 breath breath NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 for for ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 over over ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct 19 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 20 squid squid NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 21 using use VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 advcl _ _ 22 clicks click NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 28 amod _ _ 28 brain brain NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 31 det _ _ 31 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 around around ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 8 8 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 35 nummod _ _ 35 kilograms kilogram NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **dive** | present | Sperm whales | 8 kilograms | | | | deep *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 2 | **hold** | can | Sperm whales *not said here* | metres's breath | | | hour | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | | 3 | **hunt** | present | Sperm whales *not said here* | squid | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent squid=Theme | | 4 | **use** | gerund | Sperm whales *not said here* | clicks | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Patient | | 5 | **have** | present | Sperm whales *not said here* | the biggest brain of any animal | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:026-whales.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Whales, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/10/) - next →: [Whales, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/)