--- title: Breaching means leaping out of the water; scientists think whales do… — Whales · tree and pragmatics description: Breaching means leaping out of the water; scientists think whales do it to signal, show off or knock off skin pests. Who acts: scientists, whales. A sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Whales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/) / 12 # Whales, sentence 12 Breaching means leaping out of the water; scientists think whales do it to signal, show off or knock off skin pests. **Who acts:** scientists, whales · **What happens:** breach, mean, leap out, think, do, signal · **To what, where:** water, skin pests · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:026-whales.lesson:12 # text = Breaching means leaping out of the water; scientists think whales do it to signal, show off or knock off skin pests. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 026-whales.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1 1 Breaching breach VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 nsubj _ _ 2 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _ 3 leaping leap VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 xcomp _ _ 4 out out ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 ; ; PUNCT : _ 1 punct _ _ 9 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 think think VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 ccomp _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 signal signal VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 18 off off ADP RP _ 17 compound:prt _ _ 19 or or CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=17:cc 20 knock knock VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=17:conj 21 off off ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ _ 22 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 pests pest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **breach** | gerund | | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **leap out** *not said to happen* | gerund | | the water | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Trajectory | | 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present | scientists | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **do** | present | whales | water | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | | 6 | **signal** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | whales *not said here* | | | | | | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **show off** | infinitive | whales *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **knock off** | infinitive | whales *not said here* | skin pests | | | | | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:026-whales.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Whales, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/11/) - next →: [Whales, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/)