---
title: A whale calf is born tail first under water, so that it does not dro… — Whales · tree and pragmatics
description: A whale calf is born tail first under water, so that it does not drown during the birth, and its mother helps it up for its first breath; a newborn blue whale can gain about 90 kilograms a day. Who acts: calf, mother, newborn blue whale. A sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mov
---

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# Whales, sentence 14

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A whale calf is born tail first under water, so that it does not drown during the birth, and its mother helps it up for its first breath; a newborn blue whale can gain about 90 kilograms a day.

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**Who acts:** calf, mother, newborn blue whale · **What happens:** bear, not drown, help up, gain · **To what, where:** whale calf, water, calf, 90 kilograms

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (calf, mother, newborn blue whale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:026-whales.lesson:14
# text = A whale calf is born tail first under water, so that it does not drown during the birth, and its mother helps it up for its first breath; a newborn blue whale can gain about 90 kilograms a day.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 026-whales.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	drown	drown	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
17	during	during	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	30	amod	_	_
30	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
36	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	gain	gain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
38	about	about	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
39	90	90	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	40	nummod	_	_
40	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl:unmarked	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | a whale calf |  | water |  | tail *obl:unmarked*; first *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **drown** | present · do-support | calf |  |  |  | during the birth |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **help up** | present | calf's mother | calf |  |  |  | for calf's first breath | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **gain** | can | a newborn blue whale | 90 kilograms |  |  | day |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:026-whales.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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