--- title: Its tail flukes beat up and down, not side to side like a fish, beca… — Whales · tree and pragmatics description: Its tail flukes beat up and down, not side to side like a fish, because the backbones of its land ancestors bent up and down when they ran. Who acts: tail flukes, backbones. A sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Whales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/) / 4 # Whales, sentence 4 Its tail flukes beat up and down, not side to side like a fish, because the backbones of its land ancestors bent up and down when they ran. **Who acts:** tail flukes, backbones · **What happens:** beat up, not side, side, bent, run This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tail flukes, backbones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:026-whales.lesson:4 # text = Its tail flukes beat up and down, not side to side like a fish, because the backbones of its land ancestors bent up and down when they ran. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 026-whales.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ _ 2 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 flukes fluke NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 beat beat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 up up ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 down down ADV RB _ 5 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _ 10 side side VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 11 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:mark|HaikuPos=PART:TO:_ 12 side side VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 13 like like ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 17 because because SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 backbones backbone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 22 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 ancestors ancestor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 24 bent bent VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 25 up up ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 down down ADV RB _ 25 conj _ _ 28 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 30 advmod _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 ran run VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **beat up** | present | whale's tail flukes | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **not** **side** | infinitive | whale's tail flukes *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **side** | infinitive | whale's tail flukes *not said here* | | | | | like a fish | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **bent** | past | the backbones of whale's land ancestors | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **run** | past | backbones *= backbone* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:026-whales.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Whales, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/3/) - next →: [Whales, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/)