--- title: The lungs have about 500 million tiny air sacs called alveoli, and s… — The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts · tree and pragmatics description: The lungs have about 500 million tiny air sacs called alveoli, and spread out flat their surface would cover roughly half a tennis court; so many tiny sacs give far more surface for oxygen to pass through than one big bag could. Who acts: lungs, million tiny air sacs, surface, many tiny sacs. A sent --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The human body deeper: lungs, stomach…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/) / 7 # The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts, sentence 7 The lungs have about 500 million tiny air sacs called alveoli, and spread out flat their surface would cover roughly half a tennis court; so many tiny sacs give far more surface for oxygen to pass through than one big bag could. **Who acts:** lungs, million tiny air sacs, surface, many tiny sacs · **What happens:** have, call, spread out, cover, give, pass · **To what, where:** million tiny air sacs, alveoli, tennis court, more surface · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lungs, million tiny air sacs, surface, many tiny sacs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts.lesson:7 # text = The lungs have about 500 million tiny air sacs called alveoli, and spread out flat their surface would cover roughly half a tennis court; so many tiny sacs give far more surface for oxygen to pass through than one big bag could. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 about about ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 5 500 500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 compound _ _ 6 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 7 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 sacs sac NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 10 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ _ 11 alveoli alveolus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 xcomp _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 spread spread VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 15 out out PART RP _ 14 compound:prt _ _ 16 flat flat ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 19 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 cover cover VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:advcl 21 roughly roughly ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:advmod 22 half half DET PDT NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind 25 det:predet _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 tennis tennis NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:obl:unmarked 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 so so ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 sacs sac NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 32 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 33 advmod _ _ 33 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 34 amod _ _ 34 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 35 for for ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 acl _ _ 39 through through ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 40 than than SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 41 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 43 nummod _ _ 42 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 bag bag NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:obl 44 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=38:aux 45 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the lungs | million tiny air sacs | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sac=Patient | | 2 | **call** | participle | million tiny air sacs *not said here* | alveoli | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **spread out** | participle | the lungs *not said here* | | | | | flat *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **cover** | would | lungs's surface | half tennis court | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme court=Destination | | 5 | **give** | present | many tiny sacs | more surface | | | | for oxygen | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent surface=Theme for oxygen=Asset | | 6 | **pass** | to-infinitive | many tiny sacs *not said here* | more surface *not said here* | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The human body deeper: lungs, stomach…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/6/) - next →: [The human body deeper: lungs, stomach…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/)