--- title: People often say smiling takes fewer muscles than frowning, but it d… — The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin · tree and pragmatics description: People often say smiling takes fewer muscles than frowning, but it depends on the smile, and there is no good evidence either way. Who acts: People, it, good evidence. A sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The human body deeper: bones, muscles…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/) / 12 # The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin, sentence 12 People often say smiling takes fewer muscles than frowning, but it depends on the smile, and there is no good evidence either way. **Who acts:** People, it, good evidence · **What happens:** say, smile, take, frown, depend, be · **To what, where:** fewer muscles, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, it, good evidence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson:12 # text = People often say smiling takes fewer muscles than frowning, but it depends on the smile, and there is no good evidence either way. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 often often ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 smiling smile VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 nsubj _ _ 5 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 6 fewer few ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 amod _ _ 7 muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 8 than than SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 9 frowning frown VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 depends depend VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:parataxis 14 on on ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 smile smile NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 20 expl _ _ 20 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 21 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 23 det _ _ 22 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 evidence evidence NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 24 either either DET DT PronType=Ind 25 det _ _ 25 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl:unmarked _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | People | | | | | often *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **smile** | gerund | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **take** | present | | fewer muscles | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme | | 4 | **frown** | gerund | | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **depend** | present | it | | | | | on the smile | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on smile=Theme | | 6 | **be** | present | no good evidence | either way | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The human body deeper: bones, muscles…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/11/) - next →: [The human body deeper: bones, muscles…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/)