--- title: Muscles can only pull, never push, so they work in pairs: when you f… — The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin · tree and pragmatics description: Muscles can only pull, never push, so they work in pairs: when you flex your arm, the biceps shortens and bulges to bend it, and the triceps on the back pulls to straighten it again. Who acts: Muscles, you, biceps, triceps. A sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The human body deeper: bones, muscles…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/) / 2 # The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin, sentence 2 Muscles can only pull, never push, so they work in pairs: when you flex your arm, the biceps shortens and bulges to bend it, and the triceps on the back pulls to straighten it again. **Who acts:** Muscles, you, biceps, triceps · **What happens:** pull, not push, work, flex, shorten, bulge · **To what, where:** arm This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muscles, you, biceps, triceps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson:2 # text = Muscles can only pull, never push, so they work in pairs: when you flex your arm, the biceps shortens and bulges to bend it, and the triceps on the back pulls to straighten it again. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 only only ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 pull pull VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 7 advmod _ _ 7 push push VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 so so ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 work work VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 pairs pair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 15 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 17 advmod _ _ 16 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 flex flex VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 18 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 biceps biceps NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 shortens shorten VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 parataxis _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 bulges bulge VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 bend bend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 triceps triceps NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 33 on on ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 36 pulls pull VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 straighten straighten VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 advcl _ _ 39 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ _ 40 again again ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pull** | can | Muscles | | | | | | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **not** **push** | infinitive | Muscles *not said here* | | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **work** | present | Muscles *= muscle* | | | | | in pairs | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in pair=Theme | | 4 | **flex** | present | you | your arm | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient | | 5 | **shorten** | present | the biceps | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **bulge** | present | the biceps *not said here* | | | | | | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **bend** | to-infinitive | the biceps *not said here* | arm | | | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent it=Material | | 8 | **pull** | present | the triceps on the back | | | | | | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **straighten** | to-infinitive | the triceps on the back *not said here* | arm | | | again | | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The human body deeper: bones, muscles…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/1/) - next →: [The human body deeper: bones, muscles…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/)