--- title: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a cloth seller rather than a trained scient… — How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, th… · tree and pragmatics description: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a cloth seller rather than a trained scientist, made tiny single-lens microscopes that magnified about 200 times or more and showed living cells and bacteria. Who acts: Antonie, tiny lens microscopes. A sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How scientists find out: naturalists,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/) / 10 # How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 10 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a cloth seller rather than a trained scientist, made tiny single-lens microscopes that magnified about 200 times or more and showed living cells and bacteria. **Who acts:** Antonie, tiny lens microscopes · **What happens:** train, make, magnify, show · **To what, where:** tiny lens microscopes, living cells This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antonie, tiny lens microscopes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:10 # text = Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a cloth seller rather than a trained scientist, made tiny single-lens microscopes that magnified about 200 times or more and showed living cells and bacteria. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Antonie Antonie PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 2 van Van PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 Leeuwenhoek Leeuwenhoek PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 cloth cloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 seller seller NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 8 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 12 cc _ _ 9 than than ADP IN _ 8 fixed _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 trained train VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 amod _ _ 12 scientist scientist NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 14 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 16 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ _ 18 lens lens NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 microscopes microscope NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:obl 20 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 21 magnified magnify VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 22 about about ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl:unmarked _ _ 25 or or CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 conj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 29 living living ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 bacteria bacteria NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **train** | participle | | | | | | | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **make** | past | Antonie | tiny lens microscopes | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent microscope=Product | | 3 | **magnify** | past | tiny lens microscopes | | | | time | | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **show** | past | tiny lens microscopes *not said here* | living cells and bacteria | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cell=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How scientists find out: naturalists,…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/9/) - next →: [How scientists find out: naturalists,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/)